How to upgrade from Ubuntu Linux 16.04 to 18.04
Type the apt command or apt-get command to upgrade existing system:
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
Reboot the Linux box if kernel was updated
sudo reboot
If you have a ufw firewall running on ufw, open ssh port 1022 using the following ufw syntax:
sudo ufw allow 1022/tcp comment 'Temp open port ssh tcp port 1022 for upgrade'
Upgrade the operating system to the latest release from the command-line by typing the following command:
sudo do-release-upgrade
After some time you will see “System upgrade is complete” message. Press y to restart your system to load updates kernel and operating system for your cloud server:
Verification
Login using the ssh command:
ssh user@your-ubuntu-server
Verify Ubuntu Linux kernel version with uname:
uname -r
Make sure all needed ports are open and running with the ss command or netstat command:
sudo ss -tulpn
sudo netstat -tulpn
Use grep command/egrep command or tail command/cat command to verify log files for errors:
dmesg
tail -f /path/to/log/files
egrep -i 'err|cri' /var/log/nginx/error.log
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