Some important and unknown(least used) ruby methods.

 1) inject or reduce

    When called, the inject method will pass each element and accumulate each sequentially.

    ex:

        [1,2,3].inject(:+)    => ((1+2)+3))  //we have can any operator here i.e +,-,*,/,%

        OR

        [1,2,3].inject{|sum, value| sum + value } => 1 iteration:  (1 + 2)

                                                                          => 2 iteration: (3(1st iteration sum)+3) 

    

    we can also pass it a default value or base value for the accumulator.

    ex:

        [1,2,3].inject(0, :+)    => (0+(1+2)+3)) //so here initial value for sum is 0.

    

    We can also use inject menthods for building hash's from the array's

    ex:

        [[:book, "data structure"], [:price, "400rs"]].inject({}) do |result, element|

            result[element.first] = element.last

            result

        end

         #=> {:book=>"data structure", :price=>"400rs"}

    ex:2

        [[:student, "Terrance Koar"], [:course, "Web Dev"]].inject({}) do |result, element| 

            result[element.first.to_s] = element.last.split 

            result 

        end

        # => {"student"=>["Terrance", "Koar"], "course"=>["Web", "Dev"]}

    We can also filter the data.

     ex:

        [10, 20, 30, 5, 7, 9, 3].inject([]) do |result, element| 

            result << element.to_s if element > 9 

            result 

        end 

        # => ["10", "20", "30"]

    We can also find lcm gcm by this

        array.inject(:lcm)

2)  step

    Invokes the given block with the sequence of numbers starting at num, incremented by step (defaulted to 1) on each call.

    ex:

        1.step.take(4)  => [1, 2, 3, 4]

        10.step(by: -1).take(4)  => [10, 9, 8, 7]

        3.step(to: 5) {|i| print i, " " }  => 3 4 5  => 3